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	<id>http://hboevidence.wikis.unsw.edu.au/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Rockswold</id>
	<title>Rockswold - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-10-05T17:49:47Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://hboevidence.wikis.unsw.edu.au/index.php?title=Rockswold&amp;diff=204&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Gordoben: Imported from Wikispaces</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://hboevidence.wikis.unsw.edu.au/index.php?title=Rockswold&amp;diff=204&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-11-23T06:39:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Imported from Wikispaces&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Hyperbaric oxygen administration improved mortality but not good functional outcome following closed head injury.''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Clinical Bottom Line:''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1.Hyperbaric oxygen administration resulted in a significant reduction in mortality following closed head injury, but not in the numbers of patients assessed to have a good functional outcome. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Appraised by:''' Mike Bennett, Dept. of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sydney; Tuesday, 6 April 1999 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Clinical Scenario:''' A patient with severe closed head injury. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Three-part Question:''' In patients with moderate to severe closed head injury, does the administration of hyperbaric oxygen in addition to all usual intensive treatment, result in any improvement in mortality or functional outcome? &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Search Terms''': head injury &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''The Study:''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Non-blinded randomised controlled trial with intention-to-treat. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Patients with acute closed head trauma with a Glasgow Coma Score of 9 or less for 6 hours. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Control group (N = 84; 82 analysed): Intensive neurosurgical care according to a comprehensive protocol. No sham treatment. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Experimental group (N = 84; 84 analysed): As above with the addition of 100% oxygen breathing at 1.5ATA for 1 hour every 8 hours for a maximum of two weeks or until death or waking (average no of treatments 21). Routine administration of Vitamin A. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''The Evidence:''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Outcome''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Time to Outcome''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Control group''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''HBO group''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Relative risk reduction''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Absolute risk reduction''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''NNT''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Death''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;12 months &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.317 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.167 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;47% &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.150 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;7 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''95% CI:''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; ||   ||   ||   || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;7% to 88% &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.022 to 0.278 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;4 to 46 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Favourable outcome''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;12 months &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.537 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.524 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2% &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.013 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;77 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''95% CI:''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; ||   ||   ||   || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;-26% to 31% &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;-0.139 to 0.165 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; || &amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style'''&amp;quot;display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;NNT'''6 to INF NNH=7 to INF &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Comments:''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1. Study not blinded except to outcome assessor. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2. Change in treatment with the addition of myringotomy for last 37 hyperbaric patients. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;3. Most improvement in survival occurred in the group with initial GCS of 4 to 6 and with peak ICP greater than 20mmHg. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''Expiry date:''' November 2021&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;'''References:''' &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1. Rockswold GL, Ford SE, Anderson DC, Bergman TA, Sherman RE. Results of a prospective randomised trial for treatment of severely brain-injured patients with hyperbaric oxygen. Journal of Neurosurgery 1992; 76:929-934. &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2. Rockswold GL, Ford SE. Preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial of treatment of severely brain-injured patients with hyperbaric oxygen. Minnesota Med 1985; 68:533-535.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #7c00ff; display: block; font-size: 26px; text-align: center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Head Injury  |  BACK]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Gordoben</name></author>
		
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